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                  <text>O Bejense</text>
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                  <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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              <text>Como infelizmente os laranjais continuam a ser atacados achamos de toda a conveniência dar a seguinte receita que encontramos no «Arquivo Rural».&#13;
Afasta-se a terra do pé das laranjeiras, até se descobrirem, sem se ofenderem, as primeiras camadas das raízes; no lugar da terra tirada deita-se uma porção de areia grossa, amontoada em torno do pé da laranjeira, até à altura de dois palmos acima da superfície do terreno, para se afastarem as água das chuva, e as regas do contacto com a árvore, ou para esta ali deitar novas raízes. &#13;
É sabido que as laranjeiras mais atacadas do mal têm sido as que estão mais em contacto com a humidade e, por isso, a aplicação indicada nos parece aproveitável e a recomendamos.</text>
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                <text>Mal das laranjeiras</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano VI, nº 233, p. 3.</text>
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                <text>10-06-1865</text>
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                <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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              <text>Um correspondente do J. de A. Prática diz:&#13;
&#13;
«A experiência de 12 anos me convenceu que a moléstia nas batatas é filha das chuvas e frios de Maio, em que o tubérculo começa a desenvolver-se e está muito tenrinho, e por isso mudei a sementeira para o mês de Abril, de 15 por diante e em terra bem surribada, ou pelo menos cavada ou lavrada bem funda: tenho em resultado, há 5 anos, ter magníficas batatas. Este ano tive batatas que pesavam, as maiores, cada uma de 2 kilos para cima. Os meus vizinhos que semearam cedo viram perder-se-lhe quási completamente os seus batatais enquanto que eu tirava magnífico resultado dos meus.»&#13;
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                <text>Meio de impedir o desenvolvimento da moléstia dos batatais</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano VIII, nº 358, p. 3.</text>
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                <text>02-11-1867</text>
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              <text>Discorre o sr. Inzenga nos «Annali di agricultura sicilliana» acerca da moléstia dominante mal de goma, que tem invadido os pomares de Palermo, e dos remédios propostos, que tem sido quási todos infrutuosos. Observa, no entanto, que é um facto verificado pela prática de todos os países, que a incisão na base do tronco, isto é, no colo na raiz, dando saída aos humores gomosos extravasados entre a casca e o lenho, alcança curar a árvore.&#13;
Outro facto verificado pelos práticos, e que achamos lógico, é que, quanto mais dura a moléstia nas árvores e maiores são os estragos tanto mais difícil é a cura, sendo em tais casos necessário amputar todo o lenho gangrenoso até o vivo, o que é difícil e infrutuoso nos limoeiros, em consequência da natureza especial do lenho destas árvores, e deu resultado problemático com respeito mesmo às laranjeiras, que não obstante possuem um lenho mais compacto, e mais resistente uma tal operação.&#13;
É por tanto conveniente fazer as incisões mo primeiro desenvolvimento da moléstia, antes do aparecimento do humor gumoso, e por tanto antes dos estragos internos.&#13;
&#13;
A moléstia manifesta-se no começo por manchas escuras no tronco da árvore. Logo que se observem, deve praticar-se a incisão. Quando o mal se adiante as folhas tomam uma cor verde amarelado. É no primeiro período da moléstia que há toda a probabilidade de cura e nós desejaríamos que os nossos cultivadores a tentassem conforme estas indicações. &#13;
&#13;
(Jornal de Agricultura Prática)</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano VII, nº 324, pp. 3-4.</text>
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              <text>Começa a aparecer e com grande força em muitas vinhas desta cidade. Dizem-nos da Vidigueira que a moléstia também ali vai grassando, porém em menor força que o ano passado.</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano III, nº 126, p. 3.</text>
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              <text>Continua com grande força; em algumas terras deste distrito, segundo nos informa, há vinhas que estão perdidas.</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano III, nº 133, p. 3.</text>
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              <text>Continua com grande força; em algumas terras deste distrito, segundo nos informa, há vinhas que estão perdidas.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Moléstia das vinhas</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano III, nº 133, p. 3.</text>
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                <text>11-07-1863</text>
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                <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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        <name>Moléstia das Vinhas</name>
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                  <text>O Bejense</text>
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                  <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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              <text>Na correspondência de Lisboa ao Jornal do Norte lê-se o seguinte:&#13;
&#13;
«O intendente de pecuária do distrito de Coimbra, o sr. António César Augusto Pereira, enviou ao sr. conselheiro Morais Soares, o resultado do exame por ele feito na doença que tem assolado as searas de milho no concelho de Miranda do Corvo. O sr. Pereira acompanhado pelo administrador do concelho e por alguns lavradores, inspecionou os terrenos onde esta doença se manifesta.&#13;
Não é nova a moléstia e supõe-se que a sua origem vem das chuvas copiosas ou de grandes calores, quando o milho ainda está pouco desenvolvido, e manifesta-se pelo aparecimento de uns insetos de diferente cor e grandeza.&#13;
O mais pequeno, que tem maior mobilidade, é delgado e a cor aproxima-se do amarelo escuro.&#13;
O milho que ele ataca morre em poucos dias, com a raiz completamente destruída. &#13;
O feijão que está semeado junto ao milho tem sido também atacado pelo mesmo animálculo. &#13;
O maior tem movimentos mais lentos do que o outro, é esbranquiçado e do feitio de uma lagarta. Chamam-lhe «bicho branco», «bichoca» e «trebolho», enquanto que o menor é designado pelos nomes de «alfinete» e «grafete».&#13;
Ataca o trebolho de preferência a «perneira» do milho, onde vive, e se alimenta e morre.&#13;
Os estrumes vegeto-animais mal preparados serão a causa da criação do inseto e por conseguinte da doença? A ciência o dirá.&#13;
O sr. Pereira enviou para o ministério das obras públicas um caixote com terra e com os insetos.»&#13;
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Moléstia do milho</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>S/autor</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, Ano VIII, nº 343, p. 3.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9629">
                <text>20-07-1867</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9630">
                <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>1867</name>
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        <name>Alfinete</name>
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        <name>Bicho do milho</name>
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        <name>Condições meteorológicas</name>
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      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Controlo</name>
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      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>Geografia da invasão</name>
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      <tag tagId="185">
        <name>Referências bibliográficas</name>
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                  <text>O Bejense</text>
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                  <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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              <text>Com referência ao ano de 1853, e por o julgarmos interessante, extraímos dos anais da câmara municipal de Vila Real o seguinte:&#13;
«A epidriada que começou na Inglaterra, e aí lhe deu Tucher o nome de oídio, depois de invadir progressivamente a França e Itália, veio à ilha da Madeira, daí à Estremadura, e por último ao país vinícola do Douro.&#13;
Já nas proximidades do Peso da Régua apareceu em 1852, mas só claramente se notou em 1853, nos princípios de Julho, em todos os concelhos vinícolas. &#13;
Vista a olhos desarmados acomete primeiro alguns bagos, depois os cachos, em que emprega 14 a 21 dias; sob a mucedínea descobrem-se nódoas escuras, ferrugentas, cinzentas nos bagos, pedúnculos dos espigos, nos pés das uvas, nos pecíolos dos mesmos, nas varas e nas folhas.  &#13;
As partes cobertas de oídio exalam um cheiro nauseabundo. O estado mórbido de dia para dia é mais característico, as folhas abatem-se e amarelecem, os cachos contraem-se, a seiva deixa de se espalhar pelos órgãos vegetativos, e o fruto se torna vítima da putrefação.&#13;
Uns dizem que a moléstia é produzida pelos ácaros ou bichos que se depositam na superfície da planta, outros pelos esporos – corpos pequeníssimos – que se introduzem pelos poros do vegetal, e envenenam a seiva da planta; outros que a moléstia provém dos maus sucos que a vide colhe da terra – mostra isto que se ignora a causa da moléstia, mas parece que é um quid atmosférico para as plantas, como a cólera para os animais.&#13;
São invadidos, além das vinhas outros vegetais, como feijões, batatas, árvores frutíferas, etc.&#13;
Os concelhos mais atacados são os das margens do Douro, e a moléstia começou naquele ano de 1853 pelo tempo da frutificação e maturação.&#13;
Insuflações de enxofre, de água de cal, de ácido sulfúrico, de alcatrão foram remédios muito apregoados, que na aproveitaram (exceto o enxofre).&#13;
A humidade desenvolve muito a epidriada – está progredido nos três meses de Julho, Agosto e Setembro. As uvas mais atacadas são das de castas, e as tintas, na seguinte ordem: Alicante, Ferrais, Moscatel, Malvasia, Gouveio, Tinto-Cão, Tinta-Amarela. &#13;
Avaliam-se em cem mil pipas as perdas sofridas. Criaram-se em todos os concelhos comissões para examinar a moléstia, que davam notícias regulares para o governo civil, e este para a governação do Estado. À vista do exposto vê-se que se não tem descoberto nem a causa, nem o remédio para a epidriada, apesar do trabalho dos sábios, e prémios prometidos por muitos governos.&#13;
Acerca de tal assunto há um circunstanciado relatório no governo civil de Vila Real.&#13;
&#13;
Vila Real 8 de Março de 1863&#13;
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9464">
                <text>Notícia da invasão da moléstia das vinhas chamada – oydium tuckery – nos terrenos do Douro</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9465">
                <text>A. Buller</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9466">
                <text>O Bejense, Ano III, nº 120, p. 3.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9467">
                <text>11-04-1863</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9468">
                <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
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      <tag tagId="114">
        <name>Condições meteorológicas</name>
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      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>França</name>
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      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>Geografia da invasão</name>
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      <tag tagId="133">
        <name>Itália</name>
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      <tag tagId="181">
        <name>Oídio</name>
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      <tag tagId="154">
        <name>Prejuizos</name>
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      <tag tagId="13">
        <name>Tratamentos</name>
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                  <text>O Bejense</text>
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        <element elementId="1">
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          <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1222">
              <text>A alforra apareceu e com força nos cevadais e favais.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1217">
                <text>Noticiário</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1218">
                <text>S/autor</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1219">
                <text>O Bejense, ano XXXVIII, nº 1902, p. 2.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1220">
                <text>15-05-1897</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1221">
                <text>Leonardo Aboim Pires</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>Alforra</name>
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  </item>
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              <text>No concelho de Moura as oliveiras apresentadas o mais prometedoras possível e os montados com quanto atacados de burgo não estão maus.</text>
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                <text>O Bejense, ano XXXVIII, nº 1902, p. 2</text>
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